Saksagan
Early Life of Philippe de Commines
Philippe de Commines was born in Flanders in 1446 into a noble family. From an early age, he was closely connected with the world...
Important Chroniclers of the Age
Among the most important chroniclers of this period are Jean Froissart and Philippe de Commines. Both writers had excellent opportunities to observe the major...
Influence of Chivalry and Storytelling
The writers and poets of this period helped preserve the spirit of chivalry and adventure. Through their works, they described a world full of...
Dyed Easter Eggs and Their Symbolism
Dyed Easter eggs are among the most colorful and meaningful ritual objects in Bulgarian folk culture. Their bright colors and intricate patterns carry both...
Ritual Art in Bulgarian Culture
The National Ethnographic Museum in Bulgaria houses a rich and diverse collection of ritual objects that reflect the magic, religious beliefs, and cultural ideas...
Western Influence and Artistic Flexibility
At the same time, the icon painters of the post-Byzantine period were able to convey certain aspects of Western European aesthetics in their works....
Smyrna in the Byzantine and Medieval Periods
The modern city of İzmir is built directly on top of ancient Smyrna. Because of this, only limited archaeological excavation is possible today. Many...
Ancient Smyrna The Beginnings of the City
The earliest settlement of Smyrna was located at the Tepekule tumulus in modern Bayraklı, on a small peninsula along the Aegean Sea. Archaeological evidence...
The Cemetery Above the Grotto of the Seven Sleepers
The ruins of a large cemetery can be seen above the Grotto of the Seven Sleepers in Ephesus. Together with the many graves around...
Rivers and Trade Routes
Western Anatolia is shaped by several important rivers that flow from the interior toward the Aegean Sea. These rivers are dry for most of...
