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Theories About the Path of the Theodosian Walls
After the Kerko Porta, the Theodosian Walls, which were the main line of defense for Constantinople, did not continue in a straight line. Historians...
The Fortifications
The Fortifications on the North-Western Side of the City Before the Seventh Century
The Theodosian Walls, which were the main defenses of Constantinople, end abruptly...
A Misunderstanding About the Monastery
The well-known historian Dr. Paspates once believed that the building near the walls of Constantinople was the Monastery of the Seven Orders of the...
The Known Gates of Constantine’s Seaboard Wall
Among the sea-facing gates of Constantine's wall in ancient Constantinople, only one can be identified with certainty: the Gate of St. Emilianus. This gate...
Matching Measurements No Coincidence
The measurements given in the Notitia—an ancient Roman record listing the gates and regions of Constantinople—match exactly what we know from other historical sources...
The Palaia Porta
A True Gate of Constantine’s Wall
There is no doubt that the Palaia Porta—today known as Isa Kapoussi, next to the Isa Kapou Mosque (Isa...
Political Conspiracies and Power Struggles in Ottoman Turkey
The Source of All Conspiracies
All the conspiracies against the Sultan came from within his own circle of people and his immediate attendants. The threats...
Sultan Abdul Hamid II A Ruler Living in Fear
The Sultan's Reputation for Cowardice
Abdul Hamid II, who was the Sultan of Turkey and turned sixty years old in September 1902, had a reputation...
Growing Trade Over the Years
In 1879, Bulgaria imported goods worth 32 million francs and exported goods worth 20 million francs.By 1886, after joining with Eastern Roumelia, imports rose...
A Strong and Fair Constitution
Bulgaria’s Constitution was built on a very fair and wide-reaching foundation, and it still stands strong today.
In 1881, Prince Alexander of Battenberg, under pressure...
